Crushing is an essential part of mining selection, as it affects subsequent sorting processes and product requirements. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of different minerals have significant differences in the requirements for crushers. Therefore, there are relatively more types of crushers, and there are also many brands at home and abroad.

Factors Affecting Fragmentation

Product granularity. According to the product particle size range of crushing and grinding, the crushing and grinding process is generally divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding, and ultrafine grinding. This article mainly introduces the products in the crushing process, and the product introduction in the grinding process will be included in the next article.

Rock firmness coefficient (Proctor's coefficient f) and strength. The solidity of a rock is different from its strength, and its strength value must be related to a certain deformation mode (uniaxial compression, tension, shear), while solidity reflects the ability of a rock to resist failure under the combined action of several deformation modes (comprehensive external forces). F=0.3-20, the larger f, the harder the ore and the more difficult it is to grind; Rough conversion: compressive strength value (MPa)=f × 10.

Simple Classification of Crusher

Crushing machinery can be divided into:

Surface contact crusher: jaw type, cone type, rotary type, etc.

Point contact crusher: toothed roller crusher, graded crusher.

Shear crusher: coarse crushing, medium crushing, and fine crushing shear machines

Impact crusher: impact crusher, hammer crusher, stone crusher, selective crusher, etc.

According to the crushing strength, it can be further divided into:

Crushers for brittle materials below medium hardness: toothed rollers, graded crushers, impact crushers, hammer crushers, selective crushers.

Hard material crusher: jaw type, conical, rotary, stone crushing, etc;

Resilient material crusher: crushing equipment for waste cars, urban solid waste, etc.

Gyratory crusher

The rotary crusher utilizes the circular motion of the crushing cone in the cone cavity of the shell to produce compression, splitting, and bending effects on the material, coarsely crushing various hardness ores or rocks; The processing capacity is 300-1000t/h, the feed particle size is 400-1500mm, and the single stage crushing ratio is 3-5. It is mainly used in the field of large-scale open-pit metal mines.

The single machine of the rotary crusher has a relatively large volume and high requirements for material and structure. Up to now, foreign brands still hold a significant advantage, mainly including Mesto from Finland, Sandvik from Sweden, ThyssenKrupp from Germany, FLSmidth from Denmark, and others.

Due to the relatively small number of large-scale metal open-pit mines in China, the early use of rotary crushers was mainly from foreign brands. In the later stage, both Northern Heavy Industry and CITIC Heavy Industry in China developed related products, but due to the limited application scenarios and high infrastructure costs of rotary crushers, they were not well promoted.

Jaw Crusher

The jaw crusher has a simple structure, reliable operation, easy production, and convenient maintenance. It is commonly used in metallurgical mines, building materials, chemical industry, and railways for coarse and medium crushing of hard or medium hard ores; The feed particle size can reach over 1500mm, and the single stage crushing ratio is 3-4.

Foreign brands started relatively early, with Nordberg, Mesto, Sandvik, ThyssenKrupp, KHD, and others doing well. However, due to the many application scenarios of jaw crushers, and many domestic users not pursuing international brands and quality, coupled with the relatively simple structure of jaw crushers, domestic jaw crushers have sprung up in the past decade, and many factories are producing them. After a period of market sedimentation, we have also screened and experienced some brands, such as Nanchang Mining Machinery, Erisk, Shanghai Meikuang, etc.

Cone Crusher

The working principle of cone crusher is basically the same as that of rotary crusher, mainly used in crushing scenarios of medium and fine crushing. In the crushing process of mines, it is mainly located after the rotary crusher. Due to the precise structure of cone crusher, the size requirements for feeding are relatively strict, with a crushing ratio of 4-5.

Regarding the brand of cone crusher, it is similar to the rotary crusher and will not be described too much here. In recent years, with the rise of large roller mills, many application scenarios of cone crushers have also been replaced by roller mills, requiring design based on specific processes.

Toothed Roller Crusher

Toothed roller crushers have become increasingly widely used in different scenarios such as mines, washing plants, and urban industrial waste in recent years due to their reliable operation, maximum block formation rate, high wear resistant crushing tooth materials, accurate particle size control, and ease of large-scale production. The processing capacity is 50-12000 t/h, and the crushing ratio is 2-6.

Foreign brands of toothed roller crushers mainly include British MMD and ThyssenKrupp, which were widely used in the Chinese market in the early stages. However, due to the strong substitutability of spare parts and high prices of original parts, coupled with the rapid growth of Chinese toothed roller crushers, the market share of foreign brands in China has significantly shrunk, and many foreign users have also purchased MMD spare parts from China.

In the past decade, some factories in China have invested a lot of research and practice in the field of toothed roller crushers. After multiple scenarios of practical testing, some strong brands have emerged. However, some factories should have developed well, but due to various factors such as market operation and research stagnation, their development has become increasingly poor. TopCrusher and BCKS are fast growing domestic brands, and Tabak is at the forefront of scientific research and internationalization; BCKS has made outstanding contributions to the large-scale and intelligent equipment; However, the development of Tangshan TianDi and LaiWu Coal Mining Machinery has been restricted in recent years.

Impact Crusher

Impact crushers can be divided into hammer crushers and impact crushers, both of which have larger crushers and are suitable for crushing brittle soft materials. Due to the relatively simple structure of these two types of crushers, it is difficult for foreign brands (such as Mesto) to occupy the market in China. Many domestic enterprises have already done very well, and the export quantity is also relatively large. The competition is relatively fierce, and without a good market management strategy, it is easy to be squeezed out of the market.

This type of crusher has a relatively large production volume in relevant regions such as Henan, such as Henan Liming Heavy Industry, which initially focused on exports. With the intensification of market competition, it gradually shifted to the domestic market.

Mobile Crusher

In the mining industry, due to different sorting processes and usage scenarios, some users may choose mobile or semi mobile crushers.

For tire type semi mobile crushers, the process is relatively simple and can be produced by many factories; However, the overall requirements for the equipment of tracked mobile crushers are relatively high. Although many factories have made some attempts in recent years, due to the relatively small demand in China, there has been no good breakthrough in research and application in this area. Currently, Mesto is still the best at mobile crushers.

Most crushers from foreign brands still have a high proportion and strong strength in the international market. For impact crushers with relatively simple structures, we have done a good job. However, in terms of other types of crushers, we hope to create our own brand. Currently, the field of toothed roller crushers has shown a trend of latecomers, but we still need to work hard in many aspects on the road to international brands.

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